Journal Paper

In this article, a two-dimensional hybrid finiteelement
formulation is proposed to further reduce the computational
time required for the time simulation of superconducting
(SC) bulks.Lowcomputational time formulations are important for
the design stage of electricalmachineswith superconductors,where
optimization tools are typically used. The proposed hybrid formulation
is based on the partitioned E-H electromagnetic scheme
(EHS) formulation and the magnetic vector potential formulation
(A-formulation). The EHS formulation is used to solve the domains
with highly nonlinear electricmaterials, while the A-formulation is
used to solve the nonelectric domains. The main characteristics of
the EHS are its partitioned formulation, where the matrix form of
Ampère’s and Faraday’s laws is separated and computed a priori,
and the electric resistivity is defined at each node. The EHS formulation
is first compared with the H-formulation for a single SC
domain and then integrated with an A-formulation and compared
with the H and H-φ formulations to simulate a bulk surrounded
by air. Results verify the excellent accuracy of the EHS and A-EHS
formulations, and a promising reduction of computational time is
observed, with more emphasis on low levels of magnetization of
the SC sample. When compared with the H-φ formulation, a time
reduction between 48% (6 T) and 90% (1 T) is obtained.