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A 3D Model for Millimeter-Wave Propagation Through Vegetation Media Using Ray-Tracing

Leonor, N. ; Fernandes, T. ; Sanchez , M. ; Caldeirinha, R. F. S.

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Vol. 67, Nº 6, pp. 4313 - 4318, March, 2019.

ISSN (print): 0018-926X
ISSN (online): 1558-2221

Scimago Journal Ranking: 1,70 (in 2019)

Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2905957

Abstract
This communication proposes the 3D extension of a ray-tracing based model for radiowave propagation modeling in the presence of trees and vegetation areas. The original propagation model uses various point scatterers with specific radiation characteristics to describe the trees' electromagnetic behavior. To this extent, measurements intending to characterize the 3D scattering profile of various small indoor tree specimens, including groups of trees, mimicking trees with varying thickness, were conducted in a controlled environment, at 60 GHz. Subsequently, the available experimental data was used to enhance the original point scatterer formulation and to develop its extension to 3D simulation scenarios. Finally, the performance of the proposed 3D model was assessed in a tree formation scenario against 3D directional spectra measurement results obtained inside an anechoic chamber, at 18.8 and 60.6 GHz. These measurements were conducted in various locations inside the tree formation, and the transmitter was set at different positions and heights, to establish oblique, slant and both oblique and slant signal incidence impinging at the air-to-vegetation interface.