Conference Paper

Accurate user positioning plays a key role in millimeter wave massive multiple-input multiple-output (mmWave-MIMO) systems by improving beamforming and ensuring reliable connectivity. This paper presents a structured review of positioning techniques with a focus on high-mobility scenarios and challenging non-line-of-sight (NLoS) environments. We first review recent positioning methods that enhance communication speed, reliability, and efficiency in mmWave MIMO systems. It covers angle-based, time-based, and learning-based techniques that help overcome signal blockage, user mobility, and complex environments. We also review real-time positioning methods that support accurate beam alignment, reduce training time, and improve spectral efficiency. Finally, we discuss significant challenges, including beam misalignment, limited positioning accuracy, and high system complexity and present solution strategies that aim to improve system performance.