This work consists of studying and analyzing some models of communications between satellites and aircraft by exploring new LEO (Low Earth Orbit) / MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) technologies. For many decades, aircraft have relied solely on ground-based communications systems, such as the NDB (Non-Directional Beacon), whose ground stations transmit in only one direction, and the VOR (Very high frequency Omnidirectional radio Range), whose stations transmit in all directions. These systems, which operate in the 118 MHz - 137 MHz band, are becoming obsolete and, especially on transcontinental flights, have been replaced by satellite communications. These communications already allow passengers to use cell phones on board. Earth orbit is the route of movement of natural or artificial satellites around the Earth. There are four types of orbits for communication satellites: GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) with an altitude of 36000 km from Earth, LEO with an altitude of 500km to 1500 km, MEO with an altitude of 10400 km and HEO (Highly Elliptical Orbit) with an elliptical altitude between 1000 km (near) and 39000 km. This research focuses on LEO / MEO satellite communications, as well as integration with future 5G networks. Through a simulation with the Ansys STK tool, the aim has been to analyze the critical parameters of the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL), in a context of satellite-to-airplane and airplane-to-satellite communication affected by different weather conditions. It was found that the degradation in communication quality only occurred shortly after the satellite began communicating with the plane and just before the handover occurred. Mitigation techniques such as redundant satellites, adaptive modulation techniques and frequency diversity have been suggested.