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Fabrication and characterization of Alvarez freeform lens produced by additive manufacturing

Reis, D. ; Branco, A. ; Almeida, A. ; Vieira, J. ; Leite, M. ; Oliveira, R. ; Rocha, Ana M. ; Vicente, C.

Fabrication and characterization of Alvarez freeform lens produced by additive manufacturing, Proc International Conference on Engineering Manufacture EM2024, Porto, Portugal, Vol. , pp. - , May, 2024.

Digital Object Identifier: 978-3-031-68815-7

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Abstract
Freeform optics (FFO) is an emerging technology that is transforming modern imaging and non-imaging optics. FFO elements find applications in areas including manufacturing, instrumentation, lighting and illumination, sensing, energy, and medical technologies [1]. The fabrication of FFO traditionally involves the deterministic computer numerical control grinding, polishing, and diamond machining. However, some exciting developments are the recent advances in additive manufacturing (AM) that enable the 3D printing of optical components [2]. In this work, we will describe the fabrication of FFO elements termed as Alvarez lens by AM, using the stereolithography technique. The fabrication of the Alvarez lens with transparent resins includes the preparation of the “stl” file for 3D printing, with the support structures, layer heigh and printing direction, as well as the definition of the layer and post-curing exposure times. The post processing of the Alvarez lens will be done with the dip-coating technique, using the same resin employed for the stereolithography procedure. The characterization of the Alvarez freeform elements will be done aiming to determine the optical transmission, surface finishing, shape, and magnification of the lenses.