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Project: Hierarchical Analog IC Automatic Synthesis

Acronym: HAICAS
Main Objective:
The HAICAS project addresses the lack of effective automation in AMS IC design once transistor-level simulations become too expensive for current state-of-the-art approaches. The project focus is on the research and development of new data-centric mechanisms, based on DL, to improve behavioral models with implementation-dependent transistor-level effects. In analogy, the proposed methods will work from schematic- to behavioral-level as parasitic extraction tools, when they bring the layout effects to the schematic-level. The advantage of the proposed modeling scheme when comparing to physical-centric manual modeling is that, given the improvements in computation and machine learning a data-centric approach will improve the generality of simplified behavioral models while maintaining their accuracy. By automating the models’ tuning to topology and technology parameters HAICAS enables the reuse of behavioral models between functional equivalent circuit topologies. Moreover, the proposed data-centric modeling can also describe analog ICs using lab measurements instead of simulation results. The implemented tool, AIDA-HL, will extend AIDA’s current bottom-up optimization to include behavioral simulation. Currently, AIDA supports a lower level for RF passive devices and an upper level with transistor-level spice simulation. In AIDA-HL, the new level of behavioral simulations, together, with the passing of simulation results between these levels of abstraction for on-the-fly model updates, will improve the usability of EDA tools for hierarchical AMS IC design. Finally, the research team is composed of experienced AMS IC designers and EDA tools’ developers working together to ensure that the developed methods are designer-oriented and integrated into AMS IC design workflow. Shortening the acceptance gap in analog EDA is of the utmost importance, as the reception of new automation tools by IC designers is habitually low.
The main outputs of the project are: (1) New methods for automatic inclusion of spice-level effects on Verilog-A/AMS behavioral models; (2) AIDA-HL, an analog EDA tool supporting behavioral simulation of hierarchical circuits, and extends current bottom-up approach with integrated and automatic move of data from the transistor-level optimization of analog cells up the hierarchy, to the behavioral models; (3) Prove the concept with the design, optimization, and fabrication of a BLE transmitter for IoT.
Reference: UIDB/EEA/50008/2020
Funding: IT
Start Date: 01-05-2020
End Date: 30-04-2022
Team: Nuno Calado Correia Lourenço, João Manuel Torres Caldinhas Simões Vaz, Ricardo Miguel Ferreira Martins, Pedro Nuno Mendonça dos Santos, Ricardo Filipe Sereno Póvoa, Rafael Alexandre Ascenso Vieira, Gunhan Dundar, Engin Afacan
Groups: Integrated Circuits - Lx, Wireless Circuits – Lx
Partners: Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
Local Coordinator: Nuno Calado Correia Lourenço

Associated Publications
  • Books1
  • R. Vieira, R. P. Póvoa, N. Lourenço, N. Horta, Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier For Healthcare Applications, Springer International Publishing, Lisboa, 2021,
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  • 7Papers in Journals
  • G. Liñán-Cembrano, N. Lourenço, N. Horta, J. de la Rosa, Design Automation of Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits Using Neural Networks – A Tutorial Brief, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol., No., pp. 1 - 1, October, 2023,
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  • R. Vieira, F. Naf, R. M. Martins, N. Horta, N. Lourenço, R. P. Póvoa, A Tunable Gain and Bandwidth Low-Noise Amplifier with 1.44 NEF for EMG and EOG Biopotential Signal, Electronics, Vol. 12, No. 2592, pp. 1 - 17, June, 2023,
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  • F. Passos, N. Lourenço, E. Roca, R. M. Martins, R. Castro-López, N. Horta, F. Fernández, PACOSYT: A Passive Component Synthesis Tool Based on Machine Learning and Tailored Modeling Strategies Towards Optimal RF and mm-Wave Circuit Designs, IEEE Journal of Microwaves, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 599 - 613, April, 2023,
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  • R. Vieira, F. Passos, R. M. Martins, N. Horta, N. Lourenço, Behavioral Analysis of Noise and Bandwidth Specifications of Heartbeat Detection Circuits for Ultra Low Power Devices, IEEE Access, Vol. 11, No. 0, pp. 27330 - 27341, March, 2023,
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  • A. Canelas, F. Passos, N. Lourenço, R. M. Martins, E. Roca, R. Castro-López, N. Horta, F. V. Fernandez Fernandez, Hierarchical Yield-Aware Synthesis Methodology Covering Device-, Circuit-, and System-Level for Radiofrequency ICs, IEEE Access, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 124152 - 124164, September, 2021,
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  • L. Mendes, J. Vaz, F. Passos, N. Lourenço, R. M. Martins, In-Depth Design Space Exploration of 26.5-to-29.5-GHz 65-nm CMOS Low-Noise Amplifiers for Low-Footprint-and-Power 5G Communications Using One-and- Two -Step Design Optimization, IEEE Access, Vol. 9, No. --, pp. 70353 - 70368, May, 2021,
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  • E. Afacan, N. Lourenço, R. M. Martins, G. Dundar, Review: Machine learning techniques in analog/RF integrated circuit design, synthesis, layout, and test, Integration, the VLSI Journal, Vol. -, No. -, pp. - - -, November, 2020,
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  • 6Papers in Conferences
  • F. Passos, R. M. Martins, N. Lourenço, L. Mendes, J. Vaz, N. Horta, Efficient Hierarchical mm-Wave System Synthesis with Embedded Accurate Transformer and Balun Machine Learning Models, Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference ASP-DAC, Tokyo, Japan, January, 2023,
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  • F. Passos, N. Lourenço, R. M. Martins, E. Roca, R. Castro-López, N. Horta, F. V. Fernandez Fernandez, Machine Learning Approaches for Transformer Modeling, IEEE International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design - SMACD, Villasimius, Italy, June, 2022 | BibTex
  • R. Vieira, F. Passos, R. P. Póvoa, R. M. Martins, N. Horta, J.G. Guilherme, N. Lourenço, Architectural Design for Heartbeat Detection Circuits using Verilog-A Behavioral Modeling, IEEE International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design - SMACD SMACD, Sardinia, Italy, Vol., pp. -, June, 2022,
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  • N. Lourenço, F. Passos, R. Vieira, R. M. Martins, N. Horta, J.G. Guilherme, R. P. Póvoa, Radiation-Hardened Bandgap Voltage and Current Reference for Space Applications with 2.38 ppm/ºC Temperature Coefficient, IEEE International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design - SMACD, Villasimius, Italy, Vol., pp. -, June, 2022,
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  • R. Vieira, F. Passos, A. Canelas, R. P. Póvoa, N. Lourenço, N. Horta, J.G. Guilherme, A Radiation-Hardened Frequency-Locked Loop On-Chip Oscillator with 33.6ppm/ºC Stability for Space Applications, IEEE International Symp. on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS, Austin Texas, United States, May, 2022,
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  • R. Vieira, R. M. Martins, N. Horta, N. Lourenço, R. P. Póvoa, A Sub-1µA Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier with Tunable Gain and Bandwidth for EMG and EOG Biopotential Signals, IEEE PhD. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics - PRIME, Erfurt, Germany, July, 2021,
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  • 3Theses
  • Deep Reinforcement Learning applied to Analog Integrated Circuit Sizing, Instituto Superior Técnico, MSc Student, Tomás Bessa de Curado Rodrigues, Supervisor: N. Lourenço, Co-supervisor: N. Horta, set-2021 - nov-2022
  • Deep Neural Networks for Behavioral Modeling of Analog ICs, Instituto Superior Técnico, MSc Student, André Carneiro Amaral, Supervisor: N. Lourenço, Co-supervisor: N. Horta, set-2021 - nov-2022
  • A Tunable Front-End Receiver IC with High Energy-Efficiency for Biomedical Applications and Healthcare, Instituto Superior Técnico, PhD Student, Rafael Alexandre Ascenso Vieira, Supervisor: N. Lourenço, Co-supervisor: R. P. Póvoa, set-2020 - jul-2024