Jose Manuel Nunes Leitão

José Leitão

Academic position:	Full Professor
Joining date:	01-01-1999
Roles in IT:	Senior Researcher
Scientific Area:	Wireless Communications
Group:	Communication Theory – Lx

Email: Send Email
Address: IT – Lisboa
Instituto Superior Técnico - Torre Norte - Piso 10
Av. Rovisco Pais, 1
1049 - 001 Lisboa
Tel: +351 21 841 84 54
Fax: +351 21 841 84 72

ORCID

Scientific Achievements

Degrees

Agregação, Instituto Superior Técnico, 15-06-1993

Affiliations

Instituto Superior Técnico, 01-05-1976,

Publications

6Books Chapters

M. A. T. Figueiredo, J. Leitão, A. K. Jain, On Fitting Mixture Models, Chapter in, Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, E. Hancock and M. Pellilo, Springer, Berlin, 1999
A. L. N. Fred, J. Leitão, A Comparative Study of String Dissimilarity Measures in Structural Clustering, Chapter in, International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition, Sameer Singh, Springer, 1998
A. L. N. Fred, J. Leitão, Minimal Sample Size for Grammatical Inference - a Bootstraping Approach, Chapter in, 2nd International Workshop on Statistical Techniques in Pattern Recognition, A. Amin, D. Dori, P. Pudil and H. Freeman, Springer, 1998
M. A. T. Figueiredo, J. Leitão, A. K. Jain, Adaptive parametrically deformable contours, Chapter in, Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, M. Pellilo and E. Hancock, Springer, Berlin, 1997
M. A. T. Figueiredo, J. Leitão, Image restoration using a standard Hopfield neural network, Chapter in, Image Processing: Theory and Applications, G. Vernazza, A. Venetsanopoulos, and C. Branccini, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1993
M. A. T. Figueiredo, J. Leitão, Signal estimation using a standard Hopfield neural network', Chapter in, Acoustic Signal Processing for Ocean Exploration, J. Moura and I. Lourtie, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1992

18Papers in Journals

F. Nunes, J. Leitão, F. Sousa, Nonlinear Filtering in GNSS Pseudorange Dynamics Estimation Combining Code Delay and Carrier Phase, IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 639 - 650, August, 2009,
| Abstract | BibTex
F. S. Sena da Silva, J. Leitão, Importance Sampling Evaluation of Digital Phase Detectors with Carrier Phase Tracking. A Large Deviations Approach., IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Vol. 56, No. 12, pp. 5976 - 5986, December, 2008,
| Abstract | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Gating Functions for Multipath Mitigation in GNSS BOC Signals, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 951 - 964, July, 2007,
| Abstract | BibTex
A. L. N. Fred, J. Leitão, A New Cluster Isolation Criterion Based on Dissimilarity Increments, IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 25, No. 8, pp. 944 - 958, August, 2003 | Full text (PDF 6 MBs) | BibTex
J. Bioucas-Dias, J. Leitão, E. Fonseca, Reconstruction of Backscattering and extinction coefficients in Lidar: a stochastic filtering approach, IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 604 - 624, February, 2003,
| Abstract | BibTex
J. Bioucas-Dias, J. Leitão, Efficient computation of tr{AB-1} for Toeplitz matrices, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 44 - 46, May, 2002 | BibTex
J. Bioucas-Dias, J. Leitão, The ZpiM Algorithm for Interferometric Image Reconstruction in SAR/SAS, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 408 - 422, April, 2002 | BibTex
M. A. T. Figueiredo, J. Leitão, A. K. Jain, Unsupervised contour representation and estimation using B-splines and a minimum description length criterion, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 1075 - 187, June, 2000 | BibTex
J. Bioucas-Dias, J. Leitão, Nonparametric Estimation of Mean Doppler and Spectral Width, IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 271 - 282, January, 2000 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Signal Processing Aspects of Fusion Plasma Broadband Reflectometry, IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 378 - 388, February, 1999 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, A Nonlinear Filtering Approach to Estimation and Detection in Mobile Communications, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 16, No. 9, pp. 1649 - 1659, December, 1998 | BibTex
M. A. T. Figueiredo, J. Leitão, Absolute phase image reconstruction: a stochastic nonlinear filtering approach, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 7, No. 7, pp. 868 - 882, July, 1998 | BibTex
M. A. T. Figueiredo, J. Leitão, Unsupervised image restoration and edge location using compound Gauss-Markov random fields and the MDL principle, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 6, No. 8, pp. 1089 - 1102, August, 1997 | BibTex
J. Bioucas-Dias, J. Leitão, Wall position and thickness estimation from sequences of echocardiograms images, IEEE Trans. on Medical Imaging, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 25 - 38, February, 1996 | BibTex
J. Bioucas-Dias, J. Leitão, Asymptotically efficient estimation of spectral moments, IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Vol. 43, No. 9, pp. 2222 - 2225, September, 1995 | BibTex
M. A. T. Figueiredo, J. Leitão, A nonsmoothing approach to the estimation of vessel contours in angiograms, IEEE Trans. on Medical Imaging, Vol. 14, No., pp. 162 - 172, March, 1995 | BibTex
M. A. T. Figueiredo, J. Leitão, Sequential and parallel image restoration: Neural network implementations, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 3, No., pp. 789 - 802, November, 1994 | BibTex
M. A. T. Figueiredo, J. Leitão, Bayesian estimation of ventricular contours in angiographic images, IEEE Trans. on Medical Imaging, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 416 - 429, March, 1992 | BibTex

59Papers in Conferences

F. Nunes, J. Leitão, F. Sousa, Absolute Modulation Scheme for Enhanced GNSS Receiver Performance, European Workshop on GNSS Signals and Signal Processing - EWGSSP, Munich, Germany, Vol. I, pp. 1 - 7, December, 2013,
| Abstract | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Performance Analysis of Low-Complexity VDLL Architectures for GNSS Signals, European Navigation Conf. - ENC-GNSS, London, United Kingdom, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 13, November, 2011,
| Abstract | BibTex
M.-J. Rendas, J. Leitão, Rumor-Robust Distributed Data Fusion, IEEE International Conf. on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems - MFI2010, Salt Lake City, United States, Vol. I, pp. 230 - 235, September, 2010,
| Abstract | BibTex
F. Sousa, F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Correlation Losses and Interference Rejection due to Quantization in CBOC Receivers, Institute of Navigation GPS/GNSS Conf., Savannah, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 3234 - 3241, September, 2009,
| Abstract | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Performance Analysis of Altimeter-Aided GNSS Receiver for Indoor Scenarios, Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Santa maria da Feira, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 4, May, 2009,
| Abstract | Full text (PDF 259 KBs) | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Code Tracking Algorithm for GNSS Open-Loop Receivers Using Autocorrelation Interpolation, ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (NAVITEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 8, December, 2008,
| Abstract | BibTex
F. Sousa, F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Multipath Mitigation Techniques in MBOC GPS/Galileo Signals Using the CCRW Concept, ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (NAVITEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 8, December, 2008,
| Abstract | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, BOC/MBOC Multicorrelator Receiver with Least-Squares Multipath Mitigation Technique, Institute of Navigation GPS/GNSS Conf., Savannah, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 11, September, 2008,
| Abstract | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Least-Squares Minimization Technique for Multipath Mitigation in GNSS Receivers, European Navigation Conf. - ENC-GNSS, Toulouse, France, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 11, April, 2008,
| Abstract | BibTex
F. Sousa, F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Code Correlation Reference Waveforms for Multipath Mitigation in MBOC GNSS Receivers, European Navigation Conf. - ENC-GNSS, Toulouse, France, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 10, April, 2008,
| Abstract | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Nonlinear Least-Squares Algorithm for Close-in Multipath Mitigation in GNSS Receivers, Institute of Navigation GPS/GNSS Conf., Fort Worth, United States, Vol. I, pp. 1 - 9, September, 2007 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, F. Sousa, Improving Pseudorange Estimation in GNSS Receivers with a Recursive Bayesian Approach, Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 4, May, 2007 | BibTex
F. Sousa, F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Asymmetrical Strobe Pulses for Multipath Mitigation in BOC GNSS Receivers, Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 4, May, 2007 | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Parallel Bayesian Code Delay and Doppler frequency Estimation in GNSS Receivers, ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (NAVITEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 8, December, 2006 | BibTex
F. Sousa, F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Strobe Correlator Design for Multipath Mitigation in BOC GNSS Receivers, ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (NAVITEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 8, December, 2006 | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Kalman Filtering for Acquisition of GNSS Signals in Highly-Manoeuvrable Receivers, IEEE Position, Location and Navigation Symp. - PLANS, San Diego, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 9, April, 2006 | BibTex
F. Sousa, F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Strobe Pulse Design for Multipath Mitigation in BOC GNSS Receivers, IEEE Position, Location and Navigation Symp. - PLANS, San Diego, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 8, April, 2006 | BibTex
F. Sousa, F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Partial Correlation Technique for the Acquisition of Weak GPS/Galileo Signals, Institute of Navigation Annual Meeting, Cambridge-Boston, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 543 - 552, June, 2005 | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Improving Multipath Mitigation in GPS/Galileo BOC Signals with Gating Functions, Institute of Navigation Annual Meeting, Cambridge-Boston, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 498 - 507, June, 2005 | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Silva, J. Leitão, Hybrid Code Delay Estimator for GPS/Galileo BOC Signals Using the Innovations Approach, Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Tomar, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 4, April, 2005 | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Multipath Mitigation Technique for BOC Signals Using Gating Functions, ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (NAVITEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 8, December, 2004 | BibTex
F. Sousa, F. Nunes, J. Leitão, An Acquisition Algorithm for Weak Signals in Galileo and Modernized GPS Systems, ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (NAVITEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands, Vol. 1, pp. 480 - 487, December, 2004 | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Innovations-based Code Discriminator for GPS/Galileo BOC Signals, IEEE Vehicular Networking Conf. (VNC), Los Angeles, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 5, September, 2004 | BibTex
F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, An Innovations Approach to False-lock Mitigation for GPS/Galileo BOC Signals, Institute of Navigation GPS/GNSS Conf., Long Beach, CA, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 8, September, 2004 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Innovations-based Channel Estimation and symbol Detection of Multi-level OFDM Signals, IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Comm., Lisboa, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 4, July, 2004 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, A New Fast Code/Frequency Acquisition Algorithm for GPS C/A Signals, IEEE Vehicular Networking Conf. (VNC), Orlando, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 5, October, 2003 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, State-space Estimation of Rapidly-varying Carrier Frequency Offsets in OFDM Systems, IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Comm., Roma, Italy, Vol. 1, pp. 370 - 374, June, 2003 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Joint Doppler Frequency and Frequency-Rate Estimation in LEO Satellite Communications, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf. - GLOBECOM, Taipei, Taiwan, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 5, November, 2002 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, 16-DAPSK Sequence Detection in Fading Channels with Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation, IEEE International Symp. on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Commun - PIMRC, Lisbon, Portugal, Vol. 5, pp. 2072 - 2076, September, 2002 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, 16-DAPSK Innovations-based Sequence Detection for Satellite Communications with Imperfect Carrier Synchronization, IEEE Vehicular Networking Conf. (VNC), Vancouver, Canada, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 5, September, 2002 | BibTex
J. Leitão, Adaptive carrier tracking in mobile communication. An innovations based approach, IEEE Vehicular Networking Conf. (VNC), Vancouver, Canada, Vol., pp. 00 - 03, September, 2002 | BibTex
F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Adaptive Carrier Tracking in Mobile Communication – An Innovations-Based Approach, IEEE Vehicular Networking Conf. (VNC), Vancouver, Canada, Vol. 4, pp. 2273 - 2277, September, 2002 | BibTex
F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Sincronização baseada no modelo da dinâmica emissor-receptor em comunicação móvel, Jornadas de Engenharia de Electrónica e Telecomunicações e de Computadores do ISEL, Lisboa, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 8, May, 2002 | BibTex
J. Bioucas-Dias, J. Leitão, A Discrete/Continuous Minimization Method In Interferometric Image Processing, Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Sophia Antipolis, France, Vol., pp. 375 - 390, November, 2001 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Doppler Frequency and Frequency-Rate Estimation in Fading Channels. Application to LEO Satellite Communications, ESA DSP, Sesimbra, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 8.4(1) - 8.4(8), October, 2001 | BibTex
F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Carrier Tracking and Symbol Timing in Highly Accelerative Mobile Communications, ESA DSP, Lisboa, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 8, October, 2001 | BibTex
J. Bioucas-Dias, J. Leitão, InSAR Phase Unwrapping: A Bayesian Approach, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp.- IGARSS, Sydney, Australia, Vol. I, pp. 396 - 400, September, 2001 | BibTex
F. S. Sena da Silva, J. Leitão, Importance Sampling Analysis of Digital Phase Detectors with Carrier Phase Tracking, IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing - SSP, Singapore, Singapore, Vol. I, pp. 50 - 53, August, 2001 | BibTex
J. Leitão, F. Sousa, Recursive Bayesian Phase Estimation in Ranging and Mobile Communication, IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing - SSP, Singapore, Singapore, Vol. 1, pp. 202 - 205, August, 2001 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, M-DPSK Detection, Channel Estimation and Power Control in LEO Satellite Communications, IEEE International Conference on Communications - ICC, Helsinki, Finland, Vol. 4, pp. 2655 - 2659, June, 2001 | BibTex
F. S. Sena da Silva, J. Leitão, Error Floor Assessment of Digital Phase Detectors with Carrier Phase Tracking. A Large Deviations Approach, IEEE International Symp. on Information Theory - ISIT, Washington DC, United States, Vol. I, pp. 137 - 137, June, 2001 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Adaptive Scheme for M-DPSK Signals in LEO Satellite Communications, IEEE Vehicular Networking Conf. (VNC), Rhodes, Greece, Vol. 4, pp. 2993 - 2997, May, 2001 | BibTex
F. S. Sena da Silva, J. Leitão, Importance Sampling Evaluation of Digital Phase Detectors Based on Extended Kalman-Bucy Filters, IEEE International Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing - ICASSP, Salt Lake City, United States, Vol. IV, pp. 2537 - 2540, May, 2001 | BibTex
F. Sousa, J. Leitão, Mobile Communications based on an Emitter/Receiver Dynamics Model, IEEE Vehicular Networking Conf. (VNC), Rhodes, Greece, Vol. 1, pp. 2998 - 3002, May, 2001 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Adaptive M-DPSK Scheme for Fading Channels, Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Figueira da Foz, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 341 - 345, April, 2001 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, M-DPSK Receiver for Doppler-Shift Mobile Communications, IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Comm., Taoyuan, Taiwan, Vol. 1, pp. 22 - 25, March, 2001 | BibTex
J. Sanguino, S. M. Marques, L. P. Pontes, J. Leitão, Operational Aspects of a DGPS-based Vessel Traffic System, ESA DASIA, Montreal, Canada, Vol. --, pp. 637 - 641, May, 2000 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Improving UAV-Ground Digital Links with GPS Data, UAV's International Conf., Bristol, United Kingdom, Vol. 1, pp. 15.1 - 15.7, April, 2000 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Nonlinear Channel Estimation in Fading OFDM Systems, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf. - GLOBECOM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Vol. 4, pp. 2157 - 2161, December, 1999 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Fast Phase Acquisition Receiver for LEO Communications in Rician Channels, IEEE International Conference on Communications - ICC, Vancouver, Canada, Vol. 2, pp. 1058 - 1062, June, 1999 | BibTex
J. Sanguino, S. M. Marques, L. P. Pontes, J. Leitão, Architecture of a GPS-based Transponder. Application to a Vessel Traffic System, ESA DASIA, Lisbon, Portugal, Vol. --, pp. 503 - 509, May, 1999 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, A Fast Phase Acquisition Receiver for Nongeostationary Orbit Satellites, Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Sesimbra, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 50 - 54, April, 1999 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Open-loop Receiver for MSK with Doppler Frequency Shift, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf. - GLOBECOM, Sydney, Australia, Vol. 6, pp. 3626 - 3631, December, 1998 | BibTex
F. S. Sena da Silva, J. Leitão, Contour Processing for Left Ventricle Function Automatic Classification, Portuguese Conf. on Pattern Recognition - RecPad, Lisboa, Portugal, Vol. I, pp. 199 - 204, March, 1998 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Doppler Shift Robust Receiver for Digital Parallel Signalling in Fading Channels, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf. - GLOBECOM, Phoenix, United States, Vol. 3, pp. 1225 - 1229, November, 1997 | BibTex
P. Marques, F. Sousa, J. Leitão, A DSP Based Long Distance Echo Canceller using Short Length Centered Adaptive Filters, IEEE International Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing - ICASSP, Munich, Germany, Vol. ., pp. . - ., May, 1997 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, Doppler Shift Robust Receiver for Mobile Satellite Communications, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf. - GLOBECOM, London, United Kingdom, Vol. 1, pp. 405 - 409, November, 1996 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, A Nonlinear Filtering Approach to Symbol Detection and State Estimation in Rice/Rayleigh Channels, IEEE International Conference on Communications - ICC, Seattle, United States, Vol. 3, pp. 1795 - 1799, June, 1995 | BibTex
F. Nunes, J. Leitão, State Estimation in Rice/Rayleigh Channels Using a Nonlinear Filtering Technique, IEEE International Conference on Communications - ICC, New Orleans, United States, Vol. 2, pp. 903 - 907, May, 1994 | BibTex

Projects

Currently running projects2

Acronym	Name	Funding Agency	Start date	Ending date
DP-PMI	Doctoral Programme in the Physics and Mathematics of Information: Foundations of Future Information Technologies (DP-PMI)	FCT	01-01-2014	01-12-2021
QuNet	QuNet - Quantum Telecommunication Networks		01-09-2016	01-03-2018

Closed Projects9

Acronym	Name	Funding Agency	Start date	Ending date
ARNAGGS	Advanced Receivers and Navigation Algorithms for GPS/Galileo Signals	FCT/PTDC	01-09-2007	01-03-2011
CETMC	Channel Estimation Techniques in Mobile Communications	FCT/POSI	01-01-2001	31-12-2004
DNURS	Development of a Navigation User Receiver Simulator	ESA-ESTEC	03-01-2003	31-12-2003
ICNS	Integrated Communication and Navigation Systems	FCT/POSI	01-01-2001	01-01-2003
INPOS	Indoors Positioning Using GNSS Aided Techniques	QREN	01-06-2008	01-06-2010
ISSMIA	Integration of Stochastic and Structural Models in Image and Pattern Analysis-Phase II	FCT/POSI	01-06-2001	01-01-2003
P-Quantum	Practical Quantum Communications	IT/LA	01-09-2011	01-08-2013
QuantPrivTel	QuantPrivTel: Quantum PrivateTelecommunications	FCT/PTDC	01-01-2010	01-06-2013
QuantTel	Quantum Secure Telecommunications	IT/LA	01-11-2008	01-10-2010

IT Member Profile

José Leitão

Scientific Achievements

Currently running projects2

Closed Projects9